Inkcazo eneenkcukacha
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokubona amajoni omzimba kaGawulayo zezi:
1. Ukufunyanwa kwePathogen
Ukufunyaniswa kwe-pathogen ikakhulu kubhekiselele ekubhaqweni okuthe ngqo kweentsholongwane okanye iijini zentsholongwane egazini kwiisampulu zomkhosi ngokuhlukaniswa kwentsholongwane kunye nenkcubeko, ukujongwa kwe-electron microscopic morphology, ukubhaqwa kwentsholongwane ye-antigen kunye nokumiselwa kwemfuza.Iindlela ezimbini zokuqala zinzima kwaye zifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye neengcali zeengcali.Ngoko ke, ukufunyanwa kwe-antigen kuphela kunye ne-RT-PCR (i-PCR ebhalwe nge-reverse) ingasetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa kweklinikhi.
2. Ukufunyanwa kwe-antibody
I-antibody ye-HIV kwiserum sisalathisi esingathanga ngqo sosulelo lwe-HIV.Ngokomda wayo ongundoqo wokusetyenziswa, iindlela ezikhoyo zokubona amajoni omzimba we-HIV zinokohlulwa zibe luvavanyo lokuhlola kunye novavanyo loqinisekiso.
3. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-reagent
I-Western blot (WB) yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuqinisekisa i-serum efanelekileyo yovavanyo lokuhlola.Ngenxa yexesha elide lefestile, uvakalelo olubi kunye neendleko eziphezulu, le ndlela ifanelekile kuphela kuvavanyo lokuqinisekisa.Ngokuphucuka kobuntununtunu besizukulwana sesithathu nesesine i-HIV reagents yokuxilonga, i-WB iye yakhula ngokungakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kwayo njengovavanyo oluqinisekisayo.
Olunye uhlobo lwe-reagent yokuqinisekisa yokuhlola evunywe yi-FDA yi-immunofluorescence assay (IFA).I-IFA ixabisa ngaphantsi kwe-WB, kwaye ukusebenza kulula.Yonke inkqubo inokugqitywa kwiiyure ze-1-1.5.Eyona nto ingalunganga yale ndlela kukuba idinga ii-detectors ze-fluorescence ezibizayo kunye neengcali ezinamava ukujonga iziphumo zovavanyo, kwaye iziphumo zovavanyo azikwazi ukugcinwa ixesha elide.Ngoku i-FDA icebisa ukuba iziphumo ezibi okanye ezintle ze-IFA zifanele ukoyisa xa ikhupha iziphumo zokugqibela kubaxhasi abane-WB engenakuqinisekiswa, kodwa ayithathwa njengomgangatho wesiqinisekiso segazi.
4. Uvavanyo lokuhlola
Uvavanyo lokuhlola lusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukukhangela abanikeli begazi, ngoko kufuna umsebenzi olula, ixabiso eliphantsi, ubuntununtunu kunye neenkcukacha ezithile.Okwangoku, eyona ndlela iphambili yokuhlola kwihlabathi iseyi-ELISA, kwaye kukho ii-reagents ze-particle agglutination kunye ne-ELISA reagents ekhawulezayo.
I-ELISA inobuntununtunu obuphezulu kunye neenkcukacha, kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa.Inokuthi isetyenziswe kuphela ukuba ibhubhoratri ixhotyiswe nge-microplate reader kunye ne-plate washer.Ifaneleke ngakumbi uhlolo olukhulu kwilabhoratri.
Uvavanyo lwe-particle agglutination yenye indlela elula, efanelekileyo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.Iziphumo zale ndlela zinokugwetywa ngamehlo, kwaye uvakalelo luphezulu kakhulu.Ifaneleka ngokukodwa kumazwe asakhasayo okanye inani elikhulu labaxhasi begazi.Ububi kukuba kufuneka kusetyenziswe iisampulu ezintsha, kwaye ukuchaneka akukuhle.
Iklinikhi ye-antibody ye-Hepatitis C:
1) I-80-90% yezigulane ezine-hepatitis emva kokutofelwa igazi ziyi-hepatitis C, ininzi yazo ilungile.
2) Kwizigulane hepatitis B, ingakumbi abo badla ngokusebenzisa iimveliso zegazi (i-plasma, igazi lonke) kunokubangela co usulelo lwe-hepatitis C virus, ukwenza esi sifo sibe esinganyangekiyo, cirrhosis isibindi okanye umhlaza wesibindi.Ngoko ke, i-HCV Ab kufuneka ifunyanwe kwizigulane ezine-hepatitis B eziphindaphindiweyo okanye izigulane ezine-hepatitis engapheliyo.