Ngomhla wama-20 ku-Agasti lusuku lweHlabathi lweMosquito, usuku lokukhumbuza abantu ukuba iingcongconi yenye yezona zinto zihamba phambili zosulelo lwezifo.
NgoAgasti 20, 1897, isazi ngebhayoloji yaseBritani nogqirha uRonald Ross (1857-1932) wafumanisa kwilebhu yakhe ukuba iingcongconi yayiziintsholongwane zesifo seengcongconi, yaye wachaza indlela esebenzayo yokuthintela isifo seengcongconi: kuphepha ukulunywa ziingcongconi.Ukusukela ngoko, uSuku lweHlabathi lweMosquito lubhiyozelwa nge-20 ka-Agasti minyaka le ukwazisa uluntu ngesifo seengcongconi kunye nezinye izifo ezithwalwa ziingcongconi.
Zeziphi ezona zifo ziphambili ezosulelayo ezibangelwa kukulunywa ziingcongconi?
01 Isifo seengcongconi
Isifo seengcongconi lusulelo olusasazwa zizinambuzane olubangelwa kukwasulelwa ziintsholongwane zemalariya ngokulunywa ziingcongconi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Anopheles okanye ngokutofelwa igazi lomthwali wemalariya.Esi sifo sibonakaliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokuhlaselwa rhoqo, umzimba wonke ubanda, umkhuhlane, i-hyperhidrosis, ukuhlaselwa kwexesha elide, kunokubangela i-anemia kunye nokwandiswa kwe-spleen.
Ukuxhaphaka kwesifo seengcongconi kwihlabathi kuhleli kuphezulu, malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zabemi behlabathi abahlala kwiindawo ezithwaxwa yimalariya.Isifo seengcongconi sisesona sifo sinzima kwilizwekazi laseAfrika, ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-500 abahlala kwiindawo ezinemalariya, iipesenti ezingama-90 kubo kwilizwekazi, kwaye abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 babulawa sesi sifo nyaka ngamnye.UMzantsi-mpuma nombindi weAsia ukwayindawo apho isifo seengcongconi sigqugqisa khona.Isifo seengcongconi sisekho kuMbindi nakuMzantsi Merika.
Intshayelelo yovavanyo olukhawulezayo lweMalariya:
I-Malaria Pf Antigen yovavanyo olukhawulezayo luvavanyo lwe-chromatography olusecaleni olusetyenziselwa ukubona ngokomgangatho wePlasmodium falciparum (Pf) iprotheni ethile, i-histidine ecebileyo yeprotheni II (pHRP-II), kwiisampuli zegazi lomntu.Isixhobo senzelwe ukuba sisetyenziswe njengovavanyo lokuhlola kwaye njengesincedisi ekuxilongeni usulelo lwe-plasmodium.Nayiphi na isampulu esebenzayo evavanywa ngokukhawuleza kusetyenziswa iMalaria Pf Antigen kufuneka iqinisekiswe kusetyenziswa ezinye iindlela zovavanyo kunye neziphumo zekliniki.
Iimveliso zovavanyo olukhawulezayo lweMalariya ziyacetyiswa:
02 IFilariasis
I-Filariasis sisifo se-parasitic esibangelwa yi-filariasis parasitizing izicubu ze-lymphatic yomntu, izicubu ezingaphantsi kwesikhumba okanye i-serous cavity.Phakathi kwabo, iMalay filariasis, i-Bancroft filariasis kunye ne-lymphatic filariasis zihlobene ngokusondeleyo neengcongconi.Esi sifo sisasazwa zizinambuzane ezifunxa igazi.Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-filariasis ziyahluka ngokwendawo ye-filariasis.Inqanaba lokuqala liyi-lymphangitis kunye ne-lymphadenitis, kwaye inqanaba lokugqibela luluhlu lweempawu kunye neempawu ezibangelwa yi-lymphatic obstruction.Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lusekwe ikakhulu ekubhaqweni kwe-microfilaria egazini okanye kwizicubu zolusu.Uvavanyo lwe-serological: ukufunyanwa kwee-antibodies ze-filarial kunye ne-antigens kwi-serum.
Intshayelelo yovavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-filarial:
Uvavanyo lwe-filarial Rapid diagnostic test luvavanyo olusekelwe kumgaqo we-immunochromatography onokufumanisa ukusuleleka kwi-filarial kwimizuzu eyi-10 ngokufumanisa ama-antibodies athile okanye i-antigens kwisampuli yegazi.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-microfilaria microscopy yendabuko, ukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza ukuxilongwa kwe-filaria kunezi nzuzo zilandelayo:
1. Akukhawulelwanga ngexesha lokuqokelela igazi, kwaye unokuvavanywa nangaliphi na ixesha, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqokelela iisampuli zegazi ebusuku.
2. Awudingi izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo kunye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo, vele uwise igazi kwikhadi lovavanyo, kwaye ujonge ukuba kukho ibhendi yombala ukugweba umphumo.
3. Ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwezinye izifo ze-parasitic, inokuhlula ngokuchanekileyo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane ye-filarial, kwaye igwebe iqondo kunye nenqanaba lokusuleleka.
4. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlolwa kobunzima kunye nokubeka iliso kwi-prevalence, kunye nokuvavanya umphumo we-protection chemotherapy.
Iimveliso zovavanyo olukhawulezayo lweFilariasis ziyacetyiswa:
03 iDengue
I-Dengue fever sisifo esosulelayo esithwaxwa zizinambuzane esibangelwa yintsholongwane yeDengue kwaye sisasazwa ngokulunywa yingcongconi iAedes.Isifo esosulelayo sixhaphake kakhulu kwimimandla eshushu kunye ne-subtropical, ngakumbi kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia, ummandla we-Western Pacific, iMelika, impuma yeMeditera kunye ne-Afrika.
Ezona mpawu ziphambili zedengue fever ngumkhuhlane ophakame ngesiquphe, “iintlungu ezithathu” (intloko ebuhlungu, ukuqaqanjelwa kwamehlo, ukuqaqanjelwa ngokubanzi kwezihlunu namathambo), “isifo esibomvu esiphindwe kathathu” (ukugungxulwa kobuso, intamo nesifuba), nerhashalala (irhashalala okanye indawo yokopha irhashalala emacaleni nasesiqwini okanye entloko nasebusweni)."Intsholongwane yedengue kunye nentsholongwane ebangela i-COVID-19 inokubangela iimpawu ezifanayo kwangethuba," ngokutsho kwe-US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) iwebhusayithi.
Umkhuhlane weDengue ubakho ehlotyeni nasekwindla, kwaye uxhaphake ngokubanzi ukusuka ngoMeyi ukuya kuNovemba kuMntla weIkhweyitha minyaka le, elixesha lokuzala kweengcongconi ze-Aedes.Noko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukufudumala kwehlabathi kuye kwabeka amazwe amaninzi akweleenjiko nakweleenjiko emngciphekweni wokusasazwa nokwandiswa kwentsholongwane yedengue.
Intshayelelo yovavanyo olukhawulezayo lweDengue:
Uvavanyo lweDengue IgG/IgM Rapid assay yi-side-flow chromatography immunoassay esetyenziselwa ukubona ngokomgangatho izilwa-buhlungu ze-IgG/IgM kwi-serum yabantu, iplasma, okanye igazi elipheleleyo.
Izinto zovavanyo
1. Iinkqubo zovavanyo kunye nokutolikwa kweziphumo zovavanyo kufuneka zilandelwe ngokusondeleyo xa kuhlolwa izifundo zomntu ngamnye malunga nobukho be-antibodies kwi-virus ye-dengue kwi-serum, i-plasma okanye igazi elipheleleyo.Ukungaphumeleli ukulandela le nkqubo kunokuvelisa iziphumo ezingachanekanga.
2. Ukufunyaniswa ngokukhawuleza kwe-dengue IgG / IgM indibaniselwano inqunyelwe ekubonweni kwekhwalithi ye-antibodies ye-dengue virus kwi-serum yabantu, i-plasma okanye igazi elipheleleyo.Kwakungekho nxu lumano phakathi kwamandla ebhendi yovavanyo kunye ne-antibody titer kumzekelo.
3. Uvavanyo lokudibanisa idengue IgG/IgM olukhawulezayo alunakusetyenziswa ukwahlula phakathi kosulelo oluyiprayimari nolwesibini.Uvavanyo aluboneleli ngolwazi malunga ne-dengue serotype.
4. I-Serologic cross-reactivity kunye nezinye i-flaviviruses (umzekelo, i-Japan encephalitis, i-West Nile, i-yellow fever, njl.) ixhaphakile, ngoko ke izigulane ezosulelwe zezi ntsholongwane zinokubonisa iqondo elithile lokuphinda lisebenze ngolu vavanyo.
5. Iziphumo ezibi okanye ezingezizo ezothusayo kwizifundo zomntu ngamnye zibonisa ukuba akukho zithinteli-ntsholongwane zedengue ezinokubonwa.Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zovavanyo ezingalunganga okanye ezingasebenziyo azikuthinteli ukuba sesichengeni okanye usulelo ngentsholongwane yedengue.
6. Ukuba inani le-antibodies ye-dengue virus ekhoyo kwi-specimen ingaphantsi komgca wokufumanisa, okanye ukuba akukho zithintelo ezibonakalayo ezikhoyo kwinqanaba lesifo apho i-specimen iqokelelwe khona, isiphumo esibi okanye esingasebenziyo singenzeka.Ke ngoko, ukuba ukubonakaliswa kweklinikhi kucebisa ngamandla usulelo okanye uqhambuko, uvavanyo olulandelayo okanye ezinye iimvavanyo, ezinje ngovavanyo lwe-antigen okanye iindlela zovavanyo lwe-PCR, ziyacetyiswa.
7. Ukuba iimpawu ziqhubeka, nangona iziphumo ezibi okanye ezingaphenduliyo ezivela kwi-IgG / IgM yovavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-dengue, kucetyiswa ukuba isigulane sihlaziywe emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa okanye sivavanywe ngezinye izixhobo zokuvavanya.
8. Eminye imizekelo equlethe i-titers ephezulu ngokungaqhelekanga ye-heterophile antibodies okanye i-rheumatoid factor inokuchaphazela iziphumo ezilindelekileyo.
9. Iziphumo ezifunyenwe kolu vavanyo zinokutolikwa kuphela ngokubambisana nezinye iinkqubo zokuxilonga kunye neziphumo zeklinikhi.
Iimveliso zovavanyo olukhawulezayo lweDengue ziyacetyiswa:
Ukusebenzisaiimvavanyo zokuxilonga ngokukhawuleza kwesikebhe-bioinokuphucula ukusebenza koxilongo kunye nokuchaneka, okulungele ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kunye nokunyangwa kwabantu abosulelekileyo, ukuze kulawulwe kwaye kupheliswe ezi zifo eziyingozi ze-parasitic.
Iimveliso zovavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-boat-bio zenza ukuba zibonwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye zichanekileyo zesi sifo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-15-2023