Intsholongwane yemonkeypox lusulelo lwentsholongwane olubangelwa yintsholongwane yemonkeypox (MPXV).Le ntsholongwane isasazwa ikakhulu ngokudibana nezinto ezosulelekileyo kunye nosulelo lokuphefumla.Intsholongwane yemonkeypox inokubangela usulelo ebantwini, sisifo esinqabileyo esixhaphake kakhulu eAfrika.Nalu ulwazi oluninzi malunga nentsholongwane yemonkeypox.
Ukuxhaphaka kwemonkeypox kumazwe ahlukeneyo:
I-Joint ECDC-WHO kwi-Ofisi yoMmandla yaseYurophu iMpox Surveillance Bulletin (europa.eu)
Isishwankathelo sokucupha
Itotali yeemeko ze-25,935 ze-mpox (eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-monkeypox ngaphambili) ziye zachongwa ngokusebenzisa iindlela ze-IHR, imithombo yoluntu esemthethweni kunye ne-TESSy ukuya kuthi ga kwi-06 Julayi 2023, 14:00, kumazwe angama-45 kunye nemimandla kwiNgingqi yaseYurophu.Kwiiveki ezi-4 ezidlulileyo, iimeko ze-30 ze-mpox zichongiwe kumazwe angama-8 kunye neendawo.
Idatha ye-Case-based data yabikwa kwii-25,824 iimeko ezivela kumazwe angama-41 kunye neendawo ukuya kwi-ECDC kunye ne-WHO kwi-Ofisi yeNgingqi yaseYurophu nge-The European Surveillance System (TESSy), ukuya kuthi ga kwi-06 Julayi 2023, 10:00.
Kumatyala angama-25,824 axelwe kwi-TESSy, angama-25,646 aye aqinisekiswa ngelebhu.Ngaphaya koko, apho ulandelelwano lwalufumaneka khona, ama-489 aye aqinisekiswa ukuba angamalungu eClade II, eyayifudula ibizwa ngokuba yi-West African clade.Elona tyala laziwayo linomhla we-07 Matshi 2022 kwaye ichongiwe ngovavanyo lokujonga emva kwesampulu eshiyekileyo.Umhla wokuqala wokuqalisa kweempawu wachazwa njenge-17 ka-Epreli 2022.
Uninzi lwamatyala aphakathi kweminyaka engama-31 nama-40 ubudala (10,167/25,794 – 39%) kunye namadoda (25,327/25,761 – 98%).Kumatyala angama-11,317 angamadoda aneziqhelaniso zezesondo ezaziwayo, i-96% ezichonge njengamadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda.Phakathi kweemeko ezaziwayo ngobume be-HIV, ama-38% (4,064/10,675) ayene-HIV.Uninzi lwamatyala abonakaliswe nge-rash (15,358 / 16,087 - 96%) kunye neempawu zenkqubo ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhathala, intlungu yemisipha, i-chills, okanye intloko (10,921 / 16,087 - 68%).Kwakukho iimeko ze-789 esibhedlele (6%), apho iimeko ze-275 zifuna ukhathalelo lwezonyango.Amatyala asibhozo aye alaliswa kwi-ICU, kwaye asixhenxe amatyala empox kuthiwa abhubhile.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-WHO kunye ne-ECDC bazisiwe ngamatyala amahlanu okuvezwa emsebenzini.Kwiimeko ezine zokuvezwa emsebenzini, abasebenzi bezempilo bebenxibe izixhobo ezicetyiswayo zokuzikhusela kodwa bavezwe kulwelo lomzimba ngelixa beqokelela iisampulu.Ityala lesihlanu lalinganxibanga izixhobo zokuzikhusela.Isikhokelo sexeshana se-WHO kulawulo lweklinikhi kunye nothintelo losulelo kunye nolawulo lwe-mpox luhlala lusebenza kwaye luyafumaneka ku-https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/355798.
Isishwankathelo senani leemeko zempox ezichongiweyo ngokusebenzisa iindlela ze-IHR kunye nemithombo yoluntu esemthethweni kwaye ixelwe kwi-TESSy, kwiNgingqi yaseYurophu, 2022-2023
Amazwe kunye neendawo ezibika amatyala amatsha kwiiveki ezi-4 ze-ISO ezidlulileyo zigxininiswe ngeblue.
Isishwankathelo sengxelo yezesondo ezixeliweyo phakathi kwamatyala angamadoda empox, uMmandla waseYurophu, TESSy, 2022-2023
Ukuziqhelanisa ngokwesondo kwi-TESSy kuchazwa ngokwezi ndidi zilandelayo zingabalulaniyo:
- Abantu abanesini esingafaniyo
- I-MSM = i-MSM/i-homo okanye indoda enesini esinye
- Abafazi abalala nabasetyhini
- Abafazi ababini
- Okunye
- Akwaziwa okanye akumiselwanga
Ukuziqhelanisa ngokwesondo akumelanga isini somntu elalane naye kwiintsuku ezingama-21 ezidlulileyo kwaye akuthethi ukuba ukudibana ngokwesondo kunye nokwabelana ngesondo.
Sishwankathela apha uqhelaniso lwezesondo amatyala angamadoda achongwe nawo.
Ugqithiso
Ukudluliselwa komntu kumntu kwi-pox kunokwenzeka ngokudibana ngokuthe ngqo nesikhumba esosulelayo okanye ezinye izilonda ezinjengomlomo okanye kwizitho zangasese;oku kuquka uqhagamshelwano oluyiyo
- ubuso ngobuso (ukuthetha okanye ukuphefumla)
- ulusu ukuya eluswini (ukubamba okanye ngesondo lobufazi/ezimpundu)
- umlomo ukuya emlonyeni (ukuphuza)
- umlomo nolusu (ukwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo okanye ukwanga ulusu)
- amathontsi okuphefumla okanye ii-aerosols zoluhlu olufutshane ukusuka kunxibelelwano olusondeleyo olude
Intsholongwane ke ingena emzimbeni ngolusu olwaphukileyo, umphezulu womlomo (umzekelo, ngomlomo, kwipharyngeal, ocular, ilungu lobufazi, i-anorectal), okanye ngephecana lokuphefumla.I-Mpox inokusasazeka kwamanye amalungu osapho kunye namaqabane ngesondo.Abantu abanamaqabane amaninzi ngesondo basengozini enkulu.
Ukosulela kwezilwanyana ukuya ebantwini kwenzeka kwizilwanyana ezosulelekileyo ukuya ebantwini ngokulunywa okanye imikrwelo, okanye ngexesha lemisetyenzana efana nokuzingela, ukuxobula ulusu, ukubambisa, ukupheka, ukudlala ngezidumbu, okanye ukutya izilwanyana.Ubungakanani bokujikeleza kwentsholongwane kuluntu lwezilwanyana awaziwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye izifundo ezongezelelweyo ziyaqhubeka.
Abantu banokungena kwi-pox kwizinto ezingcolileyo ezifana nempahla okanye iilinen, ngokulimala okubukhali kukhathalelo lwempilo, okanye kwiindawo zokuhlala ezifana ne-tattoo parlors.
Iimpawu kunye neempawu
I-Mpox ibangela iimpawu kunye neempawu ezidla ngokuqala phakathi kweveki kodwa zinokuqala kwiintsuku ezi-1-21 emva kokuba sesichengeni.Iimpawu zihlala zihlala iiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 kodwa zinokuhlala ixesha elide kumntu onesistim somzimba esibuthathaka.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zempox zezi:
- irhashalala
- ifiva
- umqala obuhkungu
- intloko ebuhlungu
- ubuhlungu bemisipha
- umqolo obuhlungu
- amandla aphantsi
- i-lymph nodes ezidumbile.
Kwabanye abantu, uphawu lokuqala lwe-mpox yi-rash, ngelixa abanye banokuba neempawu ezahlukileyo kuqala.
Irhashalala liqala njengesilonda esicaba esithi sikhule sibe yidyunguza elizaliswe lulwelo kwaye lisenokurhawuzelelwa okanye libe buhlungu.Njengoko irhashalala iphilisa, izilonda zoma, qweqwe phezulu kwaye ziwe.
Abanye abantu banokuba nesikhumba esinye okanye ezimbalwa kwaye abanye banamakhulu okanye ngaphezulu.Ezi zinokuvela naphi na emzimbeni njenge:
- iintende zezandla neentende zeenyawo
- ubuso, umlomo kunye nomqala
- iindawo zokulala kunye nezitho zangasese
- umva.
Abanye abantu banokudumba okubuhlungu kwi-rectum okanye iintlungu kunye nobunzima xa bechama.
Abantu abanempoksi bayasuleleka kwaye banokudlulisela esi sifo kwabanye de zonke izilonda ziphole kunye noluhlu olutsha lwesikhumba.
Abantwana, abantu abakhulelweyo kunye nabantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka basengozini yeengxaki ezivela kwi-pox.
Ngokuqhelekileyo i-mpox, umkhuhlane, ukuqaqanjelwa kwezihlunu kunye nomqala obuhlungu kubonakala kuqala.I-pox rash iqala ebusweni kwaye isasazeka phezu komzimba, idlulela kwiintende zezandla kunye neenyawo zeenyawo kwaye iguquke kwiiveki ezi-2-4 ngezigaba - i-macules, i-papules, i-vesicles, i-pustules.Izilonda zintywila embindini phambi kokuba uqweqwe olungaphezulu.Ukhwekhwe ke luyawa.I-Lymphadenopathy (i-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo) luphawu oluqhelekileyo lwempoksi.Abanye abantu bangosuleleka ngaphandle kokuba bavelise naziphi na iimpawu.
Kwimeko yokuqhambuka kwempox yehlabathi eyaqala ngo-2022 (ebangelwa ikakhulu yintsholongwane kaClade IIb), isigulo siqala ngokwahlukileyo kwabanye abantu.Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha seemeko, irhashalala inokuvela ngaphambi okanye ngexesha elifanayo njengezinye iimpawu kwaye ayisoloko iqhubela phambili emzimbeni.Isilonda sokuqala sinokuba kwi-groin, anus, okanye emlonyeni okanye emlonyeni.
Abantu abanempox banokugula kakhulu.Umzekelo, ulusu lunokosulelwa ziintsholongwane ezikhokelela kumathumba okanye umonakalo omkhulu wolusu.Ezinye iingxaki ziquka inyumoniya, ukusuleleka kwi-cornea kunye nokulahlekelwa ngumbono;intlungu okanye ubunzima bokugwinya, ukuhlanza kunye nohudo olubangela ukungabikho kwamanzi amaninzi okanye ukungondleki;i-sepsis (usulelo lwegazi kunye nempendulo exhaphakileyo yokuvuvukala emzimbeni), ukudumba kwengqondo (encephalitis), intliziyo (i-myocarditis), i-rectum (i-proctitis), amalungu angasese (i-balanitis) okanye i-urinary passages (urethritis), okanye ukufa.Abantu abanoxinzelelo lomzimba ngenxa yamayeza okanye iimeko zonyango basengozini enkulu yokugula kakhulu kunye nokufa ngenxa ye-mpox.Abantu abaphila ne-HIV abangalawulwa kakuhle okanye abanganyangwayo baye baba nesifo esiqatha.
Izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo
Izifo ezosulelayo
iNkawu Pox Virus
Uxilongo
Ukuchonga i-pox kunokuba nzima njengoko ezinye izifo kunye neemeko zinokubonakala zifana.Kubalulekile ukwahlula impoksi kwinkukhu, imasisi, usulelo lwebhaktiriya yesikhumba, ukhwekhwe, i-herpes, igcushuwa, nezinye izifo ezidluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini, kunye nokwaliwa kwamayeza.
Umntu onempox unokuba nolunye usulelo olosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo olufana neherpes.Kungenjalo, umntwana onepox ekurhaneleka ukuba naye unokuba nerhashalala.Ngezi zizathu, uvavanyo lungundoqo ukuze abantu bafumane unyango kwangoko kwaye kuthintelwe ukusasazeka okungaphaya.
Ukufunyanwa kwe-viral DNA nge-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) lolona vavanyo lwelabhoratri olukhethwayo lwe-mpox.Iisampuli ezingcono kakhulu zokuxilonga zithathwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-rash - isikhumba, i-fluid okanye i-crusts - iqokelelwe ngokuswabha ngamandla.Ukungabikho kwezilonda zesikhumba, uvavanyo lunokwenziwa kwi-oropharyngeal, i-anal okanye i-rectal swabs.Ukuvavanya igazi akukhuthazwa.Iindlela zokubona i-antibody zisenokungabi luncedo njengoko zingahluleli phakathi kwee-orthopoxviruses ezahlukeneyo.
I-Monkeypox Virus Antigen Rapid Test Kit yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukufunyanwa kwe-in vitro ye-monkeypox virus antigen kwiisampulu ze-pharyngeal secretion yabantu kwaye yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kweengcali kuphela.Olu vavanyo lwekiti lusebenzisa umgaqo we-immunochromatography yegolide ye-colloidal, apho indawo yokukhangela i-nitrocellulose membrane (umgca we-T) ifakwe nge-mouse anti-monkeypox virus monoclonal antibody 2 (MPV-Ab2), kunye nommandla wokulawula umgangatho (C-line) igqunywe ngebhokhwe echasene nempuku IgG i-polyclonal antibody kunye negolide eyicolloidal ebhalwe imouse anti-monkeypox virus monoclonal antibody 1 (MPV-Ab1) kwiphedi ebhalwe golide.
Ngethuba lovavanyo, xa isampuli ifunyenwe, i-Monkeypox Virus Antigen (MPV-Ag) kwisampulu idibanisa negolide ye-colloidal (Au) ebhalwe imouse echasene ne-monkeypox virus monoclonal antibody 1 ukwenza i-virus ye-Au-Mouse anti-monkeypox i-antibody monoclonal 1-[MPV-Ag]) i-immune complex, ehamba phambili kwi-membrane ye-nitrocellulose.Emva koko idibanisa kunye ne-coated mouse anti-monkeypox virus monoclonal antibody 2 ukwenza i-agglutination "(Au MPV-Ab1-[MPV-Ag] -MPV-Ab2)" kwindawo yokufumanisa (T-line) ngexesha lovavanyo.
I-colloidal esele ibhalwe ngegolide yeMouse anti-monkeypox virus i-monoclonal antibody 1 idibanisa nebhokhwe echasene nempuku IgG i-polyclonal antibody eqatywe kumgca wokulawula umgangatho ukwenza i-agglutination kunye nokuphuhlisa umbala.Ukuba isampuli ayinayo i-Monkeypox Virus antigen, indawo yokufumanisa ayikwazi ukwenza i-immune complex, kwaye kuphela indawo yokulawula umgangatho iya kwenza i-immune complex kwaye iphuhlise umbala.Le khithi yovavanyo ibandakanya imiyalelo eneenkcukacha zokuqinisekisa ukuba iingcali zinokulawula ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo uvavanyo kwizigulane ngaphakathi kwexesha lemizuzu eli-15.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-25-2023